On Sexual Double Standard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Sexual Double Standard - Essay Example Guys will take advantage of her, use her, and try to get her to bed. She will have a hard time having girlfriends as she will surely be avoided and despised out of disgust. Men are not exempt from double standards. Having friends from the opposite sex during a relationship is also subject to the sexuality of who's making friends with whom. Girls will always justify their relationships with other guys since they are "always in control of their emotions" and are "able to separate boyfriends from boy friends." The situation is a lot more different when guys are concerned. A man who has a close friend while in a relationship is always confronted and accused of dishonorable things. He may even be charged for keeping that friend in time of "loneliness." Double standard is but a bitter fact of life. The truth that standards are almost always applied more leniently to one gender than to another is a manifestation of huge injustice. Double standard greatly violates one tenet of justice known as impartiality-the principle that "same standards be applied to all people, without regard to subjective bias or favoritism." The existence of double standard clearly implies the toleration of discrimination, unfairness, inequality, and prejudice. Thus, double standard should cease to exist in order to promote justice in the society. Men and women should have a fair playing field where each receives equal reaction and recognition of what they "do" and not of what they "are." The widespread double standard in our society is due to various justifications. It is argued that sexual double standard is natural and that's the way things should be. Society has readily accepted that some things are naturally "men's" things while some are "women's." A good example of this is the widespread perception that men are polygamous, allowing them to sleep around even if they are in a relationship but women are expected to be faithful to their husbands. However, viewing that the existence of double standard as natural is also another way of accepting that prejudice and injustice are natural phenomena. The above illustrations of double standard emphasizes the fact that double standard tolerates misbehavior of one gender attributing this to "human nature." Infidelity is perceived to be acceptable when committed by male. The argument here is that, misbehavior should be totally reprimanded and eradicated as it destructs the morality of a community. Just think about the number of families being shattered by "father's night outs." Justifying moral degradation with double standard will not only endanger the moral fiber in the society but will tend to destroy it altogether. The equal right of both sexes is also tainted by double standard. A man who is attracted to a pretty woman can always ask her out. However, a woman asking a man out is less acceptable. The commencement of a relationship is seen as the "right" of every guy while ladies can only accept. It is argued that each man and woman should have the same right and opportunity not only in pursuing relationships but other important aspects. The existence of double standard only gives way to the famous perception that one sex is stronger while the other is relatively weaker. This unequal right irrefutable leads to oppression. The existence of double standard in the society creates an imbalance not only in the responsibility but rights of people. As

Employee training at B&Q Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee training at B&Q Plc - Essay Example There has been a various change in the employment policy at B&Q Plc. over the past decade. About a decade ago, many business analysts criticized B&Q Plc. For having a policy that encouraged to employ and retaining much older employees. At that time younger job seekers were less advantaged when they were seeking jobs at the company. The company has always considered quality of their products and services to be their first priority. Therefore, employing older employees was seen as a way through which the company could be able to get experience and skills in a single package (Saks, Haccoun& Belcourt 2010, p. 101. At that time this really worked for them especially because they were able to build a reputation that was rooted on quality. There is always some uncertainty regarding employing younger employees. Younger employees might be skilled by the obvious reason as to why employing them might not be a good idea is the fact that it might take a while before they attain the experience that the older employees have. However, the good thing is that this is a problem that can be properly solved by having a good training program. As for the case of B&Q Plc. mentoring was chosen as the most appropriate way of making sure that the company will be able to accommodate both the young and energetic employees and the old and experienced employees (Becker 1993, p. 123). This method can be said to have worked well for the company.

nature of substances

nature of substances 1. Nature of substances: Simple particles react faster than complex particles. In complex molecules more bonds have to be broken. This means more energy is needed to form the activated complex. Particles such as atoms or ions in solution react more quickly than complex molecules. Surface area of reactants: The greater the surface area of the reactants the faster the reaction will take place. This is because a greater surface area means more collisions between reacting particles. When a substance is ground into a powder this increases its surface area. Concentration of reactants (or pressure of gases): An increase in concentration increases the rate of a reaction. The increased concentration means more collisions between reacting particles. Temperature: An increase in temperature increases the rate of a reaction. At a higher temperature particles move faster and have more kinetic energy. When particles collide they do so with enough energy to reach the activated complex. Heating a reaction means there will be a larger number of collisions and more of these collisions will be effective. A temperature increase of 10ËšC, will double the rate of a reaction. Use of Catalysts: A catalyst is a substance that will speed up a reaction without undergoing any permanent change. Catalysts lower the activation energy in a reaction by holding particles onto their surface and pointing them in the correct direction for a product to form. A substance that slows down a chemical reaction and makes it harder for a product to form is called an inhibitor. 2. The term quantitative approach (the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample.) is often used in comparison (or contrast) with qualitative approach, which seeks information about the identity or form of substance present. For instance, a chemist might be given an unknown solid sample. He or she will use qualitative techniques (perhaps NMR or IR spectroscopy) to identify the compounds present, and then quantitative techniques to determine the amount of each compound in the sample. Careful procedures for recognizing the presence of different metal ions have been developed, although they have largely been replaced by modern instruments; these are collectively known as qualitative inorganic analysis. Similar tests for identifying organic compounds (by testing for different functional groups) are also known. Many techniques can be used for either qualitative or quantitative measurements. For instance, suppose an indicator solution changes colour in the presence of a metal ion. It could be used as a qualitative test: does the indicator solution change colour when a drop of sample is added? It could also be used as a quantitative test, by studying the colour of the indicator solution with different concentrations of the metal ion. (This would probably be done using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.) 3.To ensure no residue is left to affect further experiments by either contamination or to ensure a powder is not mixed. 4. a) Litmus Paper is a paper containing dyes which change colour when exposed to acids or bases. It is used to identify acid and bases b)A mixture of 10-15 natural dyes obtained from lichens (mainly Roccella tinctoria) that turns red in response to acidic conditions (pH 7). When the pH is neutral (pH = 7) then the dye is purple. c)To allow the litmus paper to absorb the pH of a solid object. 5. Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction. When the reaction occurs, the solid formed is called the precipitate, and the liquid remaining above the solid is called the supernate. 6. Mix acid with water, water first and next acid. The reason is that when you mix acid to water the concentration of the acid is immediately diluted by water and the gradient or the concentration difference between the water and the acid keeps decreasing gradually so is the liberation of heat and is safer. Mixing concentrated acid and water is highly exothermic in some cases the amount of heat generated can instantly boil. So if you add water to the concentrated acid the small amount of water will instantly boil and splatter hot acid all over the place. Some acids will generate Hydrogen gas and will ignite and explode. If you add the acid to the water the water can absorb most of the heat and it wont splatter or explode. 7. Light the match first. If one was to turn the gas valve on before lighting the match, then the gas could build up and cause an explosion once the match is lit. This is why it is important to light the match first then turn on the gas valve. 8. a) To test for the presence of oxygen gas, collect a sample of the gas in a small container such as a test tube. Light a wooden splint. Blow out the flame, but make sure that the tip of the splint has a reddish, glowing tip. Insert the glowing splint into the mouth of the test tube. If the glowing splint bursts into flame, the gas is oxygen. b) To test for the presence of hydrogen gas, collect a sample of the gas in a small container such as a test tube. Light a wooden splint, but do not blow out the flame. Insert the burning splint into the mouth of the test tube. If the gas is hydrogen, you will hear a slight explosive pop sound. c) To test for the presence of carbon dioxide gas, collect a sample of the gas in a small container such as a test tube. Add a small amount (2 to 3 ml) of lime water to the test tube and shake the test tube to mix the gas and the lime water. If the lime water solution turns a milky white, the gas is carbon dioxide. This test works because lime water and carbon dioxide gas react to form a white precipitate. A second test is to light a wooden splint. Place the burning splint into the mouth of the test tube. If the flame is extinguished, the gas may be carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide is neither explosive nor does it support combustion, placing a burning splint into the mouth of the test tube containing carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame. This second test is not a positive test for carbon dioxide however since other gases may also extinguish a flame since they too do not support burning. Therefore, the first test is better. 9. Place an Alka Seltzer tablet in the bottom of a balloon or plastic sandwich bag. Tie the encased tablet tightly with a rubber band or string, then fill the remainder of the balloon or bag with water and seal it with another rubber band or a piece of string. Carbon dioxide gas can be produced by loosening the rubber band or string around the tablet and allowing the water to reach the tablet. 10. Oxygen 11. a) A balanced equation contains equal numbers of each element on the reactant and on the product side of the equation. b) i) (s) Solid ii) ( ) iii) (g) Gaseous iv) (ag) Aqueous ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; f v) ( ↑ ) kjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj g vi) ( ↓ ) kjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj g vii) ( = ) 12.a) A chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed, because the products are higher in energy than the reactants b) A chemical reaction in which heat is released, because the products are of lower energy than the reactants c) Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction) describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. This can be either a simple redox process such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), or it can be a complex process such as the oxidation of sugar in the human body through a series of very complex electron transfer processes. d) Thermal decomposition, also called thermolysis, is defined as a chemical reaction when a chemical substance breaks up into at least two chemical substances when heated. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. e) f) 13. 1 dm ³ = cm ³ = m ³ = ml = l 14. a) b) Litres (l) or cubic metre (m3) c) d) e) f) Second (s) g) Kilogram (kg) h) Grams per mole (g/mol or gmol-1)

Edgar Allan Poe’s Tale of the Ragged Mountains and Lovecraft’s The Outs

Edgar Allan Poe’s Tale of the Ragged Mountains and Lovecraft’s The Outsider Both Edgar Allan Poe and H.P. Lovecraft were known for their tales of horror, shocking discoveries and mysterious characters. Lovecraft was known to have mimicked Poe’s style in his popular horror stories of the early 20th century. Poe, one of the most famous writers of short stories and poems in the 19th century, amazed readers with his rich descriptions and chilling plots. Neither disappoint in two of their stories: Poe’s â€Å"Tale of the Ragged Mountains† and Lovecraft’s â€Å"The Outsider.† Although these are not the most famous of each authors’ works, scholars often debate over the meaning and themes of each story. One common theme in both the stories is the shocking discovery made by the characters. In â€Å"The Outsider,† the narrator discovers his true identity by glancing into a mirror as he explores his new world. â€Å"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains† tells both of Bedloe’s discovery of the simila rity of Oldeb’s past to his own, as well as the narrator’s discovery of who Bedloe might actually be, himself. The common thread between the two lies in those discoveries, and also in the entrance of each to a new, foreign world; however their personal reactions to their respective discoveries are very different. In his â€Å"Outsider,† H.P. Lovecraft tells the story of a man who lives in a dark, musty world, void of any light. His entire knowledge comes from the thousands of books that line the dark wet castle he inhabits. Since he has never seen another person, he can only imagine the human language or what he himself looks like. After scaling a tall tower, he stumbles into a world above his, on a night with a clear moon. His joy i... ...ered the writer and his style. Their similarities are common in many of their stories. The themes of these two works are no exception, and share many mutual points, despite the plot differences. Works Cited Lovecraft, Howard Phillips. â€Å"The Outsider.† H.P. Lovecraft Library. 1921. 6 Nov. 2002 . Mosig, Dirk W. â€Å"The Four Faces of The Outsider.† Discovering H.P. Lovecraft. Ed. Darrell Schweitzer. Mercer Island, Washington: Starmont House, 1987. Philippon, Daniel J. â€Å"Poe in the Ragged Mountains: environmental history and Romantic aesthetics.† Southern Literary Journal 30.2 (1998): 1-16. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains.† 1844. Rev. 29 Jun. 1999. http://www.literature.org/authors/poe-edgar-allan/atale.html (15 Nov. 2002). PID 6754 Marlow Engl.12.05 1

Classroom Management Essay

You are the teacher of a 5th grade class. Two students finished their assignment early, one student arrived late, and one student is not attempting the assignment. Being able to have the skills to handle situations like this takes practice and experience. The skills that are required are the ones that complete Jacob Kounin’s Classroom Management Model, â€Å"Lesson Movement. † Kounin’s theory on classroom management was the first to integrate instructional and disciplinary aspects of the classroom. The basis of the model is for teachers to be organized, prepared, and use proactive behavioral management combined with high student involvement with the goal of leading to a more effective classroom while minimizing disruptive behavior. Kounin coins his theory as Lesson Movement, comprised of techniques called: withitness, overlapping, momentum, smoothness, and group focus (â€Å"Classroom Management Theorist and Theories/Jacob Kounin,† 2009). Withitness is the ability of a teacher to know everything that is going on in his/her classroom at all times to prevent discipline problems before they occurred. However, as important as it is for teachers to achieve this skill, it is just as important for students to believe they their teacher is â€Å"withit. † Students will still act disruptively if they feel the teacher does not notice them. Some ways that teachers can display this technique are: consistently suppress misbehaviors of exactly those students who began the problem; dealing with the more serious of two discipline problems occurring simultaneously; and decisively handling off-task behavior before it gets out of hand or imitated by other students(â€Å"Whom are We Talking About: Jacob Kounin,† 2008). Similar to withitness, overlapping involves the ability to attend to multiple classroom events at one time, and avoiding fixating on one event at the expense of all other classroom activities. For example, if a teacher is conducting small group assignments, and a pair is off task, a teacher may address them from a distance while still conducting the activity. (â€Å"The Kounin Model,† 2008). Momentum is keeping the lesson moving briskly, requiring the teacher to plan effectively to avoid slow downs. Kounin believes that teachers should not lecture for a long period of time to allow students to gain knowledge by moving around and maximizing their allotted time. By minimizing delays and interruptions, causes students will not lose interest and misbehave. (Charles, 1989). In conjunction with momentum is smoothness. While lecturing, a teacher must maintain direction and not drift off on tangents, be diverted with irrelevant questions and information or fall victim to â€Å"flip flops,† â€Å"dangles,† or â€Å"truncation. †Otherwise, students will be confused and act out from loss of interest. (â€Å"Classroom Management Theorist and Theories/Jacob Kounin,† 2009) Lastly, Kounin refers to group focus as the ability to engage the whole class. Some techniques he offers are: building suspense or ask community questions Though community questions may appear random, it draws the group’s attention and intrigue. The teacher must incorporate procedures to handle multiple situations at once to maintain group focus. For example, if a student completes an assignment early, he/she must have a back up plan such as providing another assignment or enrichment activity while he/she helps other students that are struggling (â€Å"Classroom Management Theorist and Theories/Jacob Kounin,† 2009). Kounin’s Model of Classroom Management is an important topic for teacher’s today, because it is one of the most difficult skills to acquire. Student-centered classrooms and discovery lessons are becoming much more popular in our classrooms, leading to a more active learning environment. Being able to handle multiple situations at once, keeping students engaged, maintaining momentum and smoothness in your lessons and transitions takes experience. These are the most difficult techniques for a first year teacher to learn; therefore, making them a habit during that year will allow for mastery of these skills to occur. I believe that Kounin’s Model is important to develop an effective classroom environment; however, discipline problems will occur, no matter the amount of preventive planning a teacher makes. Kounin does not address his procedures for disciplining, if he would or would not discipline children differently, nor does he address misbehaving as a response to some factor that is outside of the teacher’s control. As a teacher, I would incorporate Kounin’s theory in my teaching planning and practices, though remembering that each student may require different accommodations. References Charles, C. M. (1989) Building Classroom discipline: from models to practice. New York City, New York: Longmans Inc.. Teacher Matters, (2008). The Kounin Model. Retrieved May 31, 2009 Teacher Matters http://www. teachermatters. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=9:kounin-model&catid=4:models-of-discipline&Itemid=4 WikiBooks, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2009). Overview/History of Jacob Kounin’s Work. Retrieved May 28, 2009, from http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Classroom_Management_Theorist_and_Theories/Jacob_Kounin WikiEd. (2008). Whom are we talking about: Jacob Kounin. Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://wik. ed. uiuc. edu/index. php/Kounin,_Jacob.

Course Outline – General Principles of Management

WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA Addressing gender disparity and fostering equity in University Education FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL STUDIES & I. T. BSc MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (BM114) Course Outline for General Management Principles (BM114) Preamble A study of the General Management principles that seeks to equip students with the general management and managerial skills that will prepare them to be effective managers and entrepreneurs who can quickly adopt to new management situations. Aims To equip students with modern general management principles.Objectives of the Course 1. To enable students to understand and appreciate the nature and scope of management. Course Content †¢ Management and Managers What is management? †¢ Team Building †¢ Managerial functions †¢ Types of managers †¢ Manager’s roles and skills †¢ Challenges for management in a Global Environment 2. 0 The Evolution of Management Theory †¢ Scientific Management Theory †¢ Administrative Management Theory †¢ Behavioural Management Theory †¢ Management Science Theory †¢ Organisational Environment Theory †¢ Total Quality Management †¢ Business Process Reengineering 3. 0 The Environment of Management Theory . 1 The Organisational Environment †¢ Task environment †¢ General environment †¢ Managing the organisational environment 3. 2 The Global Environment †¢ The changing global environment †¢ The global task environment †¢ The global general environment †¢ The collapse of time and distance †¢ You and International Management †¢ Importance of understanding Cultural Differences 4. 0 Strategic Planning †¢ The manager as a planner strategist †¢ The planning process †¢ Determining the organisation’s mission and goals †¢ Formulation of strategy †¢ Planning and implementing strategy †¢ M. Porter’s Five for ces model . 0 Organising †¢ Designing organisational structure †¢ Grouping tasks into jobs; job design, grouping jobs into functions †¢ Strategic alliances and network structure. †¢ Organisational control and culture (output, behavioural and organisational culture and clan control system) †¢ Strategic Human Resources Management †¢ Groups and group dynamics 6. 0 Leading †¢ Nature of leadership †¢ Trait and behaviour models of leadership †¢ Gender in Leadership †¢ Motivation and motivational theories †¢ Managers as a person (personality, attitude, behaviour, perception, career development and stress management) . 0 Conflict Management †¢ Organisational conflict †¢ Organisational politics †¢ Change Management 8. 0 Managing Information Systems and Technologies †¢ MIS and Decision Making 9. 0 Managing Innovation, Product Development and Entrepreneurship †¢ Innovation, Technological change and competition â₠¬ ¢ Product Development †¢ Entrepreneurship Assessment †¢ Examination : Course work (30%) Assignments (10%) Class Tests (20%) End of year Examination 70% Recommended Textbooks 1. Business Management: A contemporary Compilation, Johannesburg: FVBC by Nieuwenhuizen C and Oosthuizen TFJ. 2012. 2.Introduction to Business Management 6th Edition Editors Cronje, Du Toit, Marcus, Motlatla. Oxford University Press 3. Management A Practical Introduction 3rd Edition by Angelo Kinicki and Brian K. Williams. McGraw Hill International 4. A Handbook to Human Resources Management Practice 10th Edition by Michael Armstrong. International Student Edition 5. Management Concepts and Practices 5th Edition by Tim Hannagan 6. Fundamentals of Management Essential Concepts and Application 6th Edition Pearson Productions by Stephen P Robbins, Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya, David A DeCenzo, Madhushree Nanda Agarwal. ———————– [pic]

Differences Between Whales, Dolpins and Porpoises

Differences Between Whales, Dolpins and Porpoises Are dolphins and porpoises whales? These marine mammals have many things in common. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises all fall under the order cetacea. Within this order, there are two suborders, the Mysticeti, or baleen whales, and the odontoceti, or toothed whales, which includes dolphins and porpoises as well as sperm whales.  If you consider that, dolphins  and porpoises are really whales.   Size Matters for Being Called a Whale or Not While dolphins and porpoises are in the same order and suborder as whales, they generally arent given a name that includes the word whale. The term whale is used as a way to distinguish size among species, with cetaceans longer than about nine feet considered whales, and those less than nine feet long considered to be dolphins and porpoises. Within the dolphins and porpoises, there is a wide range in size, from the orca (killer whale), which can reach lengths up to about 32 feet, to the Hector’s dolphin, which can be less than four feet long. Thats how the orca comes to have the common name of killer whale. This distinction keeps alive our image of a whale being something very large. When we hear the word whale, we think of Moby Dick or the whale that swallowed Jonah in the Bible story. We dont think of Flipper, the bottlenose dolphin of the 1960s television series. But Flipper could rightly claim he was, in fact, classified with the whales. Difference Between Dolphins and Porpoises While dolphins and porpoises are very similar and people often use the term interchangeably, scientists generally agree that there are four major differences between dolphins and porpoises: Dolphins have cone-shaped teeth while porpoises have flat or spade-shaped teeth.Dolphins usually have a pronounced â€Å"beak,† while porpoises do not have a beak.Dolphins generally have a very curved or hooked dorsal fin, while porpoises have a triangular dorsal fin.Porpoises are generally smaller than dolphins. Meet the Porpoises To get even more specific, the term porpoise should also refer only to the seven species that are in the family Phocoenidae (harbor porpoise, vaquita, spectacled porpoise, Burmeister’s porpoise, Indo-Pacific finless porpoise, narrow-ridged finless porpoise and Dall’s porpoise). Similarities Between All Whales - the Cetaceans All of the cetaceans have a streamlined body and adaptations for living in the water and never coming onto land.  But whales are mammals, not fish. They are related to land mammals, such as the hippopotamus. They are descended from land animals that looked like a short-legged wolf. All cetaceans  breathe air into their lungs rather than getting oxygen from water via gills.That means they can drown if they cant surface to bring in air. They give birth to live young and nurse them. They also are able to regulate their body temperature and are warm-blooded. Sources: American Cetacean Society. 2004. ACS Cetacean Curriculum (Online), American Cetacean Society.Waller, Geoffrey, ed. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1996.

Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Example

Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Example Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay Factors That Attract Tourist To Jamaica Tourism Essay Essay The research paper consist of two chapters, chapter one contains the study has chapter two contains the decision, my mentions, the appendix and the recommendation. There is a surface expression on why quality service is of import in the hospitally industry as oppose to service quality in other concerns. Included besides are in-depth accounts for the importance of service quality. The subject of community based touristry shortly approaches ; I have listed advantages and disadvantages, of CBT, after which a clear definition as given for all the pros and con listed. It is said that Jamaica attracts tourer because of the three S, sand Sun and sea these are non the lone factors that were named other factors ere besides included, each of these factors has a little drumhead explicating each factor clearly. : Discuss the importance of presenting quality services in the cordial reception industry and place differences ( if any ) between bringing in the cordial reception industry and service bringing in other concerns Quality in the touristry and cordial reception industry involves consistent bringing of merchandises and services as indicated by expected criterions. Delivering quality service is one of the many menaces that the cordial reception directors will be confronting in the approaching old ages as it is an of import status for success in the emanate acutely rival cordial reception industry. ( theories, 2006 ) There is no issue more ambitious for hotelkeepers than accomplishing consistence and quality across all factors of the invitee experience and acquiring employees to continually run into and transcend client outlooks. ( Larkin, 2009 ) Under-promise and over-deliver should be the mantra for every successful hotelkeeper, who should be painstaking and fervent about client demands. If you satisfy a client s demands, you are constructing the foundation to set up a relationship based on trust and trueness. All these factors jointly contribute to client trueness and keeping which are built-in for success in this industry. Always be unfastened to suggestions. Understand what your clients expect from you. Put a suggestion box in your hotel response, cafe , and air travel or touristry office so you can garner feedback from your clients. Further, do nt merely garner client recommendations, act upon them to demo that you truly care and desire their concern. It is indispensable to understand the importance of client service in cordial reception to do a positive difference to the concern by listening and larning. You may supply the best service, but if you are non fast enough you may lose an of import client and several other referrals. Always retrieve if make non give your client what he or she is looking for ; he will strike hard on other doors until person else will. Employees need to larn how to introduce to run into high outlooks and supply good service . The client should be your chief concern and services designed around them. The cordial reception industry prospers on handiness. If your client service is losing this indispensable ingredients, your concern will non last for a ; long period unless you bring about alterations that show your dedication to client satisfaction. The industry is spread outing and so is the competition. The necessity of client service in cordial reception stems from the pronouncement that the client needs to be treated with precedence and that he should see value in what is given. If a client believes he got value for his money he will maintain coming back if clients are dissatisfied with the service offered they will seek out other organisations.hotels and eating houses provide 1000000s of occupations for individuals worldwide. High quality client service requires that employees interact with invitees in a affable mode, their responsibilities must be performed with a smiling, when a invitee is satisfied with service he or she has received the company earns gross, new patronage and positive recommendations. The United St ates Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that by 2018 the figure of occupations in the client service field will increase by 18 per centum. This reflects an increasing importance for quality client service which besides affects industry growing.lf visitants are given excess fringe benefits such as a free base on balls to the hotel watering place ; they are likely to see once more with the purpose of paying. Part of a hotel or eating houses star evaluation is client service. A alone facet of any service industry, to which touristry belongs, is the service bringing system. This term covers those facets of the operation which take topographic point at the clip that a client or client comes to the service point and requests a specific service. The bringing system is designed to supply the client with the needed assortment of services and with the minimal hold. A common characteristic of bringing systems is the client line or waiting line. A cardinal facet of any system is to command the length of waiting lines. There is non much of a difference between service bringing in the cordial reception industry and that of service bringing in other concerns ; the chief fact that must be noted is that the cordial reception industry is dependent on service bringing while other concerns non in the cordial reception sector are non. It is non new and it has become more of a necessity than pick if organisations want to hold a competitory border in the industry they need to present quality based patterns. . Professionals Community Based touristry enables tourers to detect local home grounds and wildlife and celebrate and respects traditional civilizations, rites and wisdom. The community will be cognizant of the commercial and societal value placed on their natural and cultural heritage through touristry and this will further community based preservation of resources. Community Based Tourism affords travellers with rare chances to see local communities firsthand. its distinctive in that it provides an alternate to development that s non sustainable, giving rural and hapless communities an extra beginning of income Residents earn income as land directors, enterpriser service and bring forth suppliers and employees. At least portion of the tourist income is set aside for merchandises hich provide benefits to the community as a whole. Many productive experiences in developing states prove that touristry can go a prima sector for the people who conserve natural resources and live on it. Provide land ownership by the local population Promotes productive sustainable patterns within its touristry offering Con .Lost Benefits-as the cost to fund community based touristry escalates it outweighs the benefits Poor Management, Marketing and Entrepreneur accomplishment Lack of community engagement and engagement Reliance on giver support In balance in board Representation Community Tourism is touristry in which local occupants ( frequently rural, hapless and economically marginalized ) invite tourer to see their communities with the proviso of nightlong adjustment. Community based touristry takes environmental, societal and cultural sustainability into history, it is managed and owned by the community with the intent of enabling visitants to increase their consciousness and larn about the community and local ways of life, this type of touristry provides alternate economic chances, which are indispensable in rural countries, it has the possible to make occupations and bring forth entrepreneurial chances fo people from a assortment of backgrounds, accomplishments and experience. ( Harris, 2003 ) . Community based development empowers people to be more cognizant of the value of their community assets, their cultural heritage, culinary art and life style, it mobilizes them to change over them into income bring forthing undertakings while offering a more d iverse and worthwhile experience to visitants. Every citizen is a possible concern spouse to be trained in little concern direction, environmental consciousness, merchandise development and selling, this type of people centered touristry promotes a sense of ownership which augurs good for the industry s sustainability. Community based Tourism is non merely a development tool for constructing touristry but for the full state. ( engineering, 2005 ) Factors THAT ATTRACT TOURIST TO JAMAICA BEACHES- the most popular beaches are found along the North Coast which stretches 150 stat mis from Negril to Port Antonio. Popular beaches include Cornwall Beach, Doctors Cove beach in Montego bay, seven mile beach in negril, hoarded wealth beach on the south seashore, merely to rname a few. The seven stat mi beach has aureate sand that is ideal for households but have some bare beach spots. ENTERTAINMENT- amount fest the universe s premier reggae show draws up to 15,000 fans each dark and seeing creative persons executing in the land where reggae was born. Small ocho seafood festival Epicurean RESORTS- these include sunset beach resort and watering place located in montego bay, sunset Jamaica grande resorts and watering place in ocho Rios and sunset at the thenar in Negril, all these resorts are budget friendly and household oriented CLIMATE- the island is blessed with a tropical Marine clime, it is blessed with northeasterly trade air currents that keep you from sweltering no affair what clip of twelvemonth ACCESSIBILITY- The cardinal location of Jamaica allows easy entree by air and sea to tourers from the North and south.It is non surprising that the Caribbean attracts approximately50 % of the international sail line drives to its shores. The Exchange Rate- the foreign exchange rates of caribbeam states provided added inducements for tourer SANITATION AND HEALTH-a healthy and good maintain environment influences tourer to come to finish Jamaica Heritage a rich historical yesteryear has left a bequest of garrisons, plantation houses, sugar Millss and artefacts which reflect the manner of life of past coevals ENVIRONMENTAL-the evergreen rain wood with a broad mix of vegetations and zoologies, supply a peaceable and tranquil atmosphere for hike, bird observation and field daies Decision Mother Nature has blessed Jamaica with a brilliant waterfalls and natural admirations, the garrisons of the base on balls are both museum and amusement pieces. In decision of this research the research worker realized that quality service bringing is more of import and even more necessary than service quality in any other signifier of concern. Jamaica has a figure of touristry merchandises in topographic point which are used to fulfill basic wants and demands of a tourer, these include all installations and comfortss either adult male made or natural. Community based touristry as stated in the research is fundamentally where local occupants invite tourer to see there community with proviso of nightlong adjustments. There are disadvantages and advantages found in community based touristry but the good outweighs the bad, with proper direction of the CBT, it will go on to endeavor for old ages to come. Jamaica is the Caribbean s premier holiday retreat ; it offers much diverseness for s o small. Destination Jamaica has been blessed with scenic beauty which we are determined to continue and protect. Recommendation Execution of Management squads who will make particular research concentrating on civilization, consciousness of benefits Appendix

As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Questions

When Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State, he believed that the Indians should just be left alone. Once he became president, he wanted to remove the Indians. I believe he did this because he anted to gain popularity. . Andrew Jacksons early political/ military career foreshadowed his Indian policies as President because he was always was a tough and violent guy and hated the Indians since day one. Now, as president, he fully Was pro-Lillian removal and supported the bill to remove Indians. 5. Zion, unlike traditional histories, believes that it was no just a war against Great Britain for survival, but essentially a war for land to expand the country. 6. Zions view of Arthur Schlesinger The Age of Jackson andMarvin Meyers The Jackson Persuasion is that the books concentrate more on his political and economic accounts, not on his years battling the Indians. Both books make Jackson look like the good man; they dont mention anything about him owning slaves and other heinous truths about him. 7. Cherokees desired to fit into society. They began owning slaves an adopted Christianity as their religion. 8. The purpose of Zion stating that Jackson was declaring states rights for Georgia on the Cherokee question but attackingSouth Carolinas right to to nullify a federal tariff to show that Jackson wanted to stay popular 9. The Trail of Tears was the removal of the Cherokee Indians by the government, from Georgia to Oklahoma. 10. The sign efficacy of the phrase As long as grass grows or water runs means basically that itll never happen. Jackson had used this phrase on the Indians. He said that the Indians could have their land and that no settlers would steal it from them, but Jackson had lied to the Indians because there land was still taken.

The traditional model of public administration Essay

The traditional model of public administration - Essay Example The characteristics of this bureaucratic state were set out most clearly by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with strong echoes of earlier writings by the American Woodrow Wilson (Hughes, 1998): Further refinement of the traditional model of public administration came through the application of private sector based ideas of 'scientific management', which introduced efficient operational methods based on standardization of tasks, 'one best way' of fitting workers to tasks, and systematic control of tasks, processes, and workers (Hughes, 1998,33-34). These principles were easily adapted to bureaucratic structures. A final addition to the traditional model was the application of the insights of social psychology, in a 'human relations' approach which is often contrasted with the scientific management approach, but in practice sought to achieve greater efficiency of performance too, though by paying attention to the need to motivate workers rather than merely control and direct them (Hughes, 1998, 35-6). Unfortunately,Unfortunately, the ideal bureaucracy model had never happened in the real life. The critique of the traditional model is based in a comparison of the 'ideal' model of bureaucracy with what happens in real systems of public administration. The following differences can be identified: i. In many systems there is no clear separation between policy and administration, either in terms of decision-making processes or the respective roles of administrators and politicians, which are often fused together. ii. Decision-making processes do not, in any case, conform to the rules of technical and economic rationality, but are affected and shaped by processes of conflict, negotiation and exchange between interests both internal and external to the state bureaucracy iii. Hierarchy and centralization combine with a formal, sometimes slavish adherence to rules and procedures to produce defects (or bureaucratic

Urban Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Sociology - Essay Example Urban Sociology After some time we have seen that the lock on the main door was broken & the door is open.As the problem becomes big & big it is very hard to solve the problem and also the control the reoccurrence of the problem. Due to lack of time we are not able to repair the lock & the door remain open. After some time we found the glasses fixed on windows are also broken and the floor of the house is full of waste material. Time to time the condition of the house became worst. The material inside the house was theft and every thing was broken within a short span of time. If the lock of the door was repaired in time then definitely there will not be such damage in the house. So the broken window theory clearly state that if we take action initially then we can prevent big damage and crime. For this State of New Jersey announced a "Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Program designed to improve the quality of community life in twenty-eight cities. According to this program, police officer should move in the city without vehicle means they need to move on foot to minimize crime. The objective is to secure the citizen. Citizens in the foot patrol areas had a more favorable opinion of the police than did those living elsewhere. And officers walking beats had higher morale, greater job satisfaction, and a more favorable attitude toward citizens in their neighborhoods than did officers assigned to patrol cars. Jacob found the relationship between the environmental factors and the people. Jacob found how physical & social urban factor affect the life of people. Jacob discovered how environmental factors cause prevention of crime. Jacob hypothesized that urban residential crime could be prevented by reducing conditions of anonymity and isolation in that area. Jacob thought that crime rate is increasing due to attitude of the people towards their neighbors. Even neighbors do not recognize each others. That's why they do not know whether the stranger entering into the society is a member o f society or not. Jocb stated that high levels of natural surveillance created a safe environment. According to Jacob one of our best protections against crime is to live in a community where neighbors watch out for each other and stand ready to call the police or to intervene directly where they spot a criminal. (c.) Explain Duneier's criticism of the broken windows theory as applied to the Greenwich Village vendors and panhandlers he studied. Greenwich vendors & panhandlers were first studied by Jane Jacobs in 1961, after that she wrote a book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities, which represented Greenwich Village sidewalk interaction as the ideal for what makes up a "great" American city. Duneier revisited the Jacobs principal by went back to the neighborhood. On the sidewalk, he studied the vendors who are not having houses, scavengers, and panhandlers. While side walking he found that the people are filled with illegality, personal defect, and shame and also a world of mutual support, struggles for respectability, ingenuity, and resilience. Duneier's main agenda was to understand the ways in which "moral" behavior and "decency" affects the crime. He also found that the sidewalk was quite different than it was when Jacobs described it, when "eyes and ears upon the street" were presumed to make sidewalk life safe and comfortable. His method was participant observation, and he worked as a magazine scavenger and street vendor on and off during

Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Strategic Analysis - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that technological intervention has broken all geographical barriers thereby shrinking the world into a small global village. This has increased the level of competition in the markets since companies have to compete with local, as well as foreign brands. In such competitive times, information bears great relevance for any organization since it provides the basis for effective decision making and strategic analysis. It is a thing of the past when managers developed long terms goals and relied on their luck to attain success. The modern competitive times require proactive strategic analysis that caters the changes in the internal as well as external environments. The domain of strategic analysis provides the guiding principles and approaches to survive in the competitive world and attain success. Earlier, organizations developed a source of competitive advantage and simply had to defend the respective product or service against any probable replacements. In the modern markets, there exists no such thing as finding a competitive advantage and sticking to it. Dynamism tends to benefit more than rigidity. Kathwala stated that companies need to ensure that they perform comprehensive strategic analysis and adopt strategic flexibility so that they are able to reallocate their focus from one domain to the other to cater to the frequent changes in customers’ demands.

Job reward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job reward - Essay Example Research suggests that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are necessary in motivating employees. Traditionally, extrinsic rewards that are derived not from the work itself were considered sufficient. These include salaries, bonuses, perks, benefits, commissions and cash rewards (Thomas). The tall hierarchies and close supervision allowed managers to keep track of whether the policies are being followed and could either grant or hold back these rewards based on performance. However, workers today prefer self-management rather than close supervision and get motivated from being empowered which gives them a sense of belonging to the organization (Thomas). Hence, intrinsic rewards are largely based on the satisfaction that workers derive from the task at hand (Thomas). Therefore, intrinsic rewards entail greater commitment and initiative on the part of workers who take pride in doing their work. Although the importance of extrinsic rewards is diminishing, they are can by no means be ne glected. As per Maslow’s theory of hierarchy, lower order needs such as pay and job security must first be satisfied before workers become motivated by higher order needs such as belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization. Therefore, both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards must be considered in employees’ job rewards package. Rummassah’s major problem in recent years is its high employee turnover and low level of employee morale that has often been reflected in bad attitude towards customers and job switching to competitors’ companies. Greater insight revealed that Rummassah was paying too little monetary incentives to its best performers and too much to their inefficient workers which led to the latter’s disillusionment. Most rewards were not customer focused as a result of which even poor performers were getting the same monetary incentives as good performers. Furthermore, rewards focused on length of service or seniority tends to turn compensati on into entitlement. Furthermore, insights revealed that part-time employees were not been provided with stock options which made them switch to other jobs, thereby increasing costs for the company. Employees also complained about monotonous work and lack of social gatherings to break the high pressure and stress during peak periods. Considering that almost 40% of the workforce was expatriates, they could not understand local Arabic language which made them fearful of dealing with customers. Finally, there were complains of long waiting times and lack of coordination amongst the cafe staff by disgruntled customers. In view of the above problems, the organization must implement a rewards program that addresses the above issues. Performance in this case shall be based on the achievement of tasks in the job description as well as relations with other employees. Firstly, good performers shall be recognized through their picture being put up on the company’s notice board under the caption â€Å"Star of the month†. The best performer will receive a bonus of AED 300. Furthermore, the name of this employee shall be featured on the company’s website. However, research shows that simply praising the employee’s work through thank you notes has more value than employee of the month awards (Bersin, 2012). Keeping

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY - Essay Example The use of social media, specifically Twitter has encouraged EFL/ESL learners to openly express themselves in their acquired language without fear of reprimand or ridicule from those around them, or their teachers (Junco, 2011). Students are more at home in this virtual environment and find themselves openly using the written English language to express themselves in an atmosphere where they can double check their grammar and spelling before sending out any message. The ability to ensure that communication is fluent as well as making sure that that the social posts are conveying some important messages makes Twitter an effective teaching tool for written English. The aim of this of this paper is to review current findings regarding the possible benefits of using Twitter as a written English teaching tool. The technology allows for a greater vocabulary acquisition among students through the effective use of Twitter in the practice of their written English skills (Junco, 2011). In this paper, a detailed review of the six articles is done. The articles define the reasons as to why Twitter makes for an effective teaching tool for written English with respect to EFL and ESL learners. Borau, K, et al. (2009). Micro-blogging for language learning: using twitter to train communicative and cultural competence. Advances in web-based learning - icwl. Berlin/New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Borau's article begins with an introduction to the fact that most English learners use Twitter as an active way of learning rather than a passive version. The author goes on to explain that students taught using various types of technologies have shown a remarkable improvement in their grasp and usage of the English language due to their ability to constantly practice the written version of the language online via Twitter. The specific mention of Twitter in the study was done in relation to a specific study done at the Shanghai Jiao Tong Distance College where ESL students were taug ht via online correspondence for a whole summer term in 2007. The article is very interesting as far as Twitter effect on written English is concerned. It is easy to agree with the article because the results of the experiment were quite successful and pointed towards the ability of Twitter to allow students to learn how to express themselves in effectively in English using only 140 characters. Cano, E. (n.d.). Mobile learning with twitter to improve linguistic competence at secondary schools. The New Educational Review, 134 -147. This article entails a study that was done within three school districts in Spain. In each school district, Twitter was used as part of the interdisciplinary program to develop linguistic competence among learners. Twitter was used as the main communication tool in this instance and it proved to be highly promising as a teaching tool for written English. In the article, Cano concluded that Twitter managed to promote a substantial improvement in terms of te aching and learning for both teachers and students respectively. This happened especially when the language is studied from a reading and writing perspective. It is agreeable with the author in the sense that he made mention of the ready availability of Twitter through various mediums such as tablets, laptops, and mobile phones which encourage students to practice their ESL writing skills during

Interim report Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interim report - Research Proposal Example Branding is one of those practices that enable businesses to attract and retain customers, who always make comparisons between brands to arrive at the best one that effectively meets their goals and objectives. Having a good business brand is essential in differentiating the goods and services produced by a business to those produced by other businesses1. Additionally, successful business brands and the branding process is essential towards driving customer loyalty. It is important for businesses to understand that the branding process is not meant for multinationals along; instead, it has to be made by all businesses that designs and produces goods and services for people. Brands, as used in business activities can be described from two important approaches, first, a brand can be looked at as a special mark, symbol or image the distinguishes businesses and products of one company to another2. Secondly, branding can be looked at in terms of the thoughts and perspectives that people often have on the business and the products it offers. The process of building successful brands plays an important role in the customers’ decision-making process over products and services they want to buy. In most cases, customers will often go for popular business brands; they often tend to think that these brands have been made under the highest standards. This paper examines the process of creating effective business brands as well as how they help to improve business functions. Brand strategy in business functioning refers to the systematic plan that defines the vision of the business and articulates how the business carries its functions in achieves set goals and objectives3. The strategy illustrates how the business creates its demand and attractiveness for clients that have to make a choice among many products being offered by other business rivals in the environment. It is important to

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY - Essay Example The use of social media, specifically Twitter has encouraged EFL/ESL learners to openly express themselves in their acquired language without fear of reprimand or ridicule from those around them, or their teachers (Junco, 2011). Students are more at home in this virtual environment and find themselves openly using the written English language to express themselves in an atmosphere where they can double check their grammar and spelling before sending out any message. The ability to ensure that communication is fluent as well as making sure that that the social posts are conveying some important messages makes Twitter an effective teaching tool for written English. The aim of this of this paper is to review current findings regarding the possible benefits of using Twitter as a written English teaching tool. The technology allows for a greater vocabulary acquisition among students through the effective use of Twitter in the practice of their written English skills (Junco, 2011). In this paper, a detailed review of the six articles is done. The articles define the reasons as to why Twitter makes for an effective teaching tool for written English with respect to EFL and ESL learners. Borau, K, et al. (2009). Micro-blogging for language learning: using twitter to train communicative and cultural competence. Advances in web-based learning - icwl. Berlin/New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Borau's article begins with an introduction to the fact that most English learners use Twitter as an active way of learning rather than a passive version. The author goes on to explain that students taught using various types of technologies have shown a remarkable improvement in their grasp and usage of the English language due to their ability to constantly practice the written version of the language online via Twitter. The specific mention of Twitter in the study was done in relation to a specific study done at the Shanghai Jiao Tong Distance College where ESL students were taug ht via online correspondence for a whole summer term in 2007. The article is very interesting as far as Twitter effect on written English is concerned. It is easy to agree with the article because the results of the experiment were quite successful and pointed towards the ability of Twitter to allow students to learn how to express themselves in effectively in English using only 140 characters. Cano, E. (n.d.). Mobile learning with twitter to improve linguistic competence at secondary schools. The New Educational Review, 134 -147. This article entails a study that was done within three school districts in Spain. In each school district, Twitter was used as part of the interdisciplinary program to develop linguistic competence among learners. Twitter was used as the main communication tool in this instance and it proved to be highly promising as a teaching tool for written English. In the article, Cano concluded that Twitter managed to promote a substantial improvement in terms of te aching and learning for both teachers and students respectively. This happened especially when the language is studied from a reading and writing perspective. It is agreeable with the author in the sense that he made mention of the ready availability of Twitter through various mediums such as tablets, laptops, and mobile phones which encourage students to practice their ESL writing skills during

Learning Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Learning Disabilities Essay Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. However, properly identifying the problem and determining the best steps to assist in managing the disability will be vital in their young lives in helping them to achieve their goals. Life can be difficult and sometimes cruel for children, let alone children that are dealing with learning disabilities. A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. Cognitive theory and children with learning disabilities have a close relationship. When talking about children who have learning disabilities, it is safe to say that they are not always identified in its earliest stage, which then can lead to long term problems in an individual’s life. From physical, emotional, and social obstacles, all of which they will encounter at some point in their lives if the necessary measures are not taken to help these children. Not having the organizational abilities to acquire the knowledge as it may be taught, limits the ability to properly learn. From the articles I have selected, Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling, Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities, Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference?, The Inhibition of Exogenous Distracting Information in Children with Learning Disabilities, and Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: Do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance?, I will provide insight on how, why, and what the resolutions  are for these children. My chosen theory is relevant to my topic because a learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. A child with a learning disability may not have any major sensory problems yet they may still struggle to keep up with people of their age in functions of learning and regular daily activities. Through our development process, we become equipped with skills in order to grow, succeed, and evolve into our adult life. When a development stage, cognitive development stage, shows that the basic listening, comprehension, writing, reading, speaking, and the ability to reason are not present, someone needs to identify and address the situation as early on as possible in order for the child to have a chance to grow in all other stages of development. â€Å"Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling† article will help to shed some light on the events that occur during the counseling process. â€Å"Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities† will help me explain how the children struggle with problem solving when dealing with a learning disability. In the article â€Å"Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference?† will identify the importance of having a good, functioning ability to memorize and how children that have learning disabilities usually lack this ability. Cognitive Theory and Learning Disabilities Cognitive theory and children with learning disabilities have a close relationship. When talking about children who have learning disabilities, it is safe to say that they are not always identified in its earliest stage, which then can lead to long term problems in an individual’s life. From physical, emotional, and social obstacles, all of which they will encounter at some point in their lives if the necessary measures are not taken to help these children. Not having the organizational abilities to acquire the knowledge as it may be taught, limits the ability to properly  learn. A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process and respond to information. A child with a learning disability may not have any major sensory problems yet they may still struggle to keep up with people of their age in functions of learning and regular daily activities. Through our development process, we become equipped with skills in order to grow, succeed, and evolve into our adult life. When a development stage, cognitive development stage, shows that the basic listening, comprehension, writing, reading, speaking, and the ability to reason are not present, someone needs to identify and address the situation as early on as possible in order for the child to have a chance to grow in all other stages of development. An example of the theory and condition where the two are intertwined would be when a child is in school and could be having difficulties with what other children take for granted as being simple skills that have been learned through development and interaction with parents, teachers, etc. In this child’s situation, he/she does not have the ability to understand the story that he had just read, and now has the task of answering questions about the story in writing. His cognitive development stage for some reason has not evolved the way it should have, which now has left him battling a learning disability that may have gone unnoticed by his parents. In this situation, it is now up to the teacher to be able to identify what is taking place and to make sure that the child receives the necessary attention and evaluation in order to help him/her overcome and cope with what they are struggling with. The difficult part in the whole process is identifying learning disabilities early on and being able to treat them appropriately and in a timely manner. With children, unless significant signs are present, the struggles early on could be attributed to just being a child if one isn’t familiar with the signs of a disability. Once the disability is diagnosed, many options and opportunities are present to help assist in the overcoming of the problems. However, if the disability goes undetected or ignored for too long, a life  of challenges lies ahead for the individual. Literature Review -Children With and Without Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Processes and Outcomes Following Group Counseling. Authors name: Leichtentritt, Judith; Shechtman, Zipora. Publication date: Mar/Apr 2010 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: This study compared outcomes and processes in counseling groups of an expressive-supportive modality for children with learning disabilities (LD) and without them (NLD). Article relevance: This article provides and inside look and results into determining what the best form of counseling is for children with learning disabilities. -Analogical Problem Solving in Children With Verbal and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities. Authors name: Schiff, Rachel; Bauminger, Nirit Publication date: Jan 2009 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: In this study, they investigated the analogical problem-solving differences between children with verbal learning disabilities (VLD), nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), or non-LD. Article relevance: This reference will help to show the struggles that LD children have in problem solving and the great disadvantage that they must overcome with this disability. Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference? Authors name: Maehler, C; Schuchardt, K. Publication date: Jan 2009 Title of publication: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Summary: The present study explored several functions of working memory. A working memory battery with tasks for the phonological loop, the visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive skills was presented in individual sessions to 27 children with learning disabilities and normal IQ (ICD-10: mixed disorders of scholastic skills), 27 children with learning disabilities and low IQ (intellectual disabilities), and a control group of 27 typically  developing children with regular school achievement levels and normal IQ. Article relevance: To show a comparison on how the functions of the brain are affected when dealing with a child with a learning disability. -The Inhibition of Exogenous Distracting Information in Children with Learning Disabilities. Authors name: Censabella, Sandrine; Marie-Pascale Noà «l Publication date: Sept/Oct 2005 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: This article reports on an experiment examining the capacities of children with LD to inhibit exogenous interference, such as automatic, prepotent responses and distractor interference. Article relevance: To support the fact that children with LD have interference with there working memory and to explain the possible solutions. -Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: Do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance? Authors name: Amedeo D Angiulli; Siegel,Linda S. Publication date: Jan/Feb 2003 Title of publication: Journal of Learning Disabilities Summary: Patterns of performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of children with learning disabilities (LD Article relevance: Support in the findings that children with an LD show a pattern in performance that can be determined in early stages in order to counteract the disability. Conclusion The reality of the situation is that learning disabilities in children will always be around. The hope is that someday, with improving knowledge and experimentation, we will have a solution in the process of treating the disability that will allow for the children that have the issues to not feel isolated. The fear alone of a child falling behind in school and in their social life is a stressful situation for that child. Identifying the  disability early and treating it properly is the key to a life without handcuffs.

Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews

Validity and Reliability of Selection Interviews When Organisations are recruiting to find a suitable individual for a position they currently hold, it can be difficult to monitor and ensure that all possible steps are being taken to ensuring that each interview carries the same validity and reliability. This is to ensure that each individual who is being interviewed is given the same equal opportunity, alongside the organisation employing an individual who suits the job specification best. Validity and reliability of structured interviews can have a large impact on type of person that is employed and also affect the actual security that the person employed is the best suited from all the applicants. Selection interviews traditionally consist of a candidate interacting with one or more people from the organisation who have assessed the candidate as meeting the criteria which the role requires. The interviews generally last between 15 and 60 minutes and help the organisation decide whether or not an individual should be offered a job. In general, interviews follow one of three structures (Unstructured; Semi-Structured and Structured). The three vary by the amount of prior preparation for the interview in regards to questions to be asked and how the answers should be assed. Often the more specific answers required from an interview will be shown by the more structured approach an interviewer will take in preparation of the questions. Reliability of the interview is argued to often be low, in that interviewers do not follow the same methods of questioning or method of evaluating each individual interview. Additionally, it has been noted that interviewers support the end decisions on different criteras, different standards, and alter in the amount the final decision is based upon the original intended criteria (e.g., Graves, L.M. and Karren, R.J., 1996. The employmentselection interview: A fresh look at an old problem. Human Resource Management 35, pp. 163-180. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (14)Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384]). It has also been found that job performance is a lot more reliable and foretelling from structured interviews opposed to unstructured interviews. Research reviews of employment interviewing have concluded that carrying out an interview following a set structure can add to the reliability and validity of interviewer evaluations (e.g., Therese Macan, 1999: 2 09). Natural instinct to cast a first impression on a person is a major factor in trying to ensure an interviewer casts an unbiased decision which follows the original selection criteria. During interviewing it is vital that each applicant is each given a fair and open opportunity and the end decision on whether or not they are offered the place within the organisation is based entirely on how they performed against the role criteria. Ensuring that Gender, Race, Disability and appearance do not hold any restrictions on each individual interview. A study was carried out which looked into how interviewers can cast a bias opinion based on appearance, finding that applicants which were moderately obese (in particular female applicants) were less likely to be considered for employment despite meeting the required criteria of a role including required qualifications (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). Further from this negative information often appears to become more memorable for an interviewer than positive information. Research has outlined that it often requires upto twice as much positive information to change any negative information the interviewer may have initially cast of an individual. . As a result, the unstructured interview has been labelled a â€Å"search for negative evidence (Timothy A. Judge, 2000: 384). This simply highlights the importance of an interview to have the ability to focus on information passed during an interview to ensure that each applicant is assessed following the same criteria to avoid natural instinct having a major impact on each applicants interview. With interviews being generally an unnatural environment applicants generally spend time preparing for the interview, looking into the company history, preparing answers for generic answers that are usually asked for job roles of that criteria. This would inevitably lead to the answers given being unrealistic responses of how an applicant may act in a role within an organisation. This simply highlights the importance of interview containing questions which are going to show a realistic response to show an applicants approach and ethos towards their working life. During the interview this can be achieved by adding unstructured questions which will allow the interviewer to add and expand on answers given to try and get a more realistic and honest response which will further add to the value of the responses given from a candidate. This can also work well within a structured interview situation, as having an opening for several unprepared questions, can give a candidate further chance t o show their true capabilities. Taking into account unavoidable effects (e.g. Anxiety, signs of being Nervous and body language) of environments like Interviews, consideration needs to be taken by the interviewer to account for these. Often anxiety levels can be raised for an applicant during interviews which can an effect on the responses and conduct during the interview which may result in the applicant not showing their full capabilities. A selection of Undergraduates took part in a mock interview model with peers, which shows sustained levels of raised anxiety before and during the interview, followed by a significant decrease directly after. (Therese Macan, 1999: 209). During an interview it has to be taken into consideration that responses given can sometime be not a true reflection of a candidates natural response in any other situation, so allowing time and a chance to develop an answer is crucial to maintaining a high level of validity from the responses given. All of the elements within this essay which highlight possible affects on an interview fall part of what can be seen as a ‘halo effect. With judgements and stereotyping being cast too easily without looking at each interviewee directly on how well they are suited to the role criteria of which their hiring for. Training for any interviewer is crucial, as they need to learn the ways in which they might cast these judgements subconsciously; avoiding these spontaneous biases is one of the most crucial parts of carrying out interviews to ensure that the most suited candidate is chosen. By following more structured interviews situations like the halo effect can be more easily avoided. By offering each candidate the same set of questions and time for their interview then they each will have as open an opportunity as possible to give their best response. In more recent years, human response management specialists have become more involved within the interviewing process as they have to ensure all interviews are following the orangisations equal opportunities policy. Following these latest changes it has opened more opportunities for minority groups which previous may have been of more of a disadvantage to have a fair and equal opportunity when applying for any role, and how they are assess during the selection interview stage. Overall trying to maintain a high level of validity and reliability within an unnatural environment can be difficult and hard to maintain. It is crucial within any interview environment to try and place measures which can both account for these abnormalities and a way to take them into account. If they are not fully considered then an organisation may end up employing an individual for a role which they are not the best suited from all the candidates. One of the most important factors to avoid is an interviewers personal opinion on a candidate as shown from the research in this essay; they often can cast subliminal opinions on candidates because of personal opinion, anxiety and from misinterpreting responses during an interview. The employment of any individual for an organisiation is timely and costly exercise, ensuring all steps are taken to make the right decision on choosing a candidate is important. Make the wrong choice due to errors during the selection interview stage and a n egative impact may be felt by the organisiation afterwards.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Joseph Stalin bio Biography Essays

â€Å"The man who turned the Soviet Union from a backward country into a world superpower at unimaginable human cost (Joseph Stalin).† â€Å"Stalin was born into a dysfunctional family in a poor village in Georgia (Joseph Stalin).† Permanently scarred from a childhood bout with smallpox and having a mildly deformed arm, Stalin always felt unfairly treated by life, and thus developed a strong, romanticized desire for greatness and respect, combined with a shrewd streak of calculating cold-heartedness towards those who had maligned him. â€Å"He always felt a sense of inferiority before educated intellectuals, and particularly distrusted them (Joseph Stalin).† Sent by his mother to the seminary in Tiflis (now Tbilisi), the capital of Georgia, to study to become a priest, the young Stalin never completed his education, and was instead soon completely drawn into the city's active revolutionary circles. â€Å"Never a fiery intellectual polemicist or orator like Lenin or Trotsky, Stalin specialized in the humdrum nuts and bolts of revolutionary activity. Risking arrest every day by helping organize workers, distributing illegal literature, and robbing trains to support the cause, while Lenin and his bookish friends lived safely abroad and wrote clever articles about the plight of the Russian working class (Lenin & Stalin).† â€Å" Although Lenin found Stalin's boorishness offensive at times, he valued his loyalty, and appointed him after the Revolution to various low-priority leadership positions in the new Soviet government(Lenin & Stalin).† In 1922, Stalin was appointed to another such post, as General Secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee. â€Å"Stalin understood that "cadres are everything": if you control the personnel, you control the organization. He shrewdly used his new position to consolidate power in exactly this way--by controlling all appointments, setting agendas, and moving around Party staff in such a way that eventually everyone who counted for anything owed their position to him(Stalin Biography).† By the time the Party's intellectual core realized what had happened, it was too late--Stalin had his people in place. While Lenin, the only person with the moral authority to challenge him, was on his deathbed and incapable of speech after a series of strokes, and besides, Stalin even controlled who had access to the leader. The General Secretary of the ... .... â€Å"This ambitious plan brought hardship and met resistance as he purged the kulaks (wealthy peasant farmers) (Stalin: The Man and His Era).† This was followed in 1932 by the second, equally ambitious Five-Year Plan. In 1936, Stalin developed a new Soviet constitution, which was seen as a democratic document. â€Å"However, the following elections were marred by purge trials from 1934 to 1938 in which Stalin systematically eliminated his opposition(Stalin: The Man and His Era).† Stalin further hurt his international image when he signed a nonaggression pact with Adolf Hitler in 1939. The Nazi leader soon broke this agreement and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. â€Å"In Allied negotiations after the war, Stalin succeeded in obtaining control of half of Europe, and the following year the Iron Curtain descended over the Soviet Union and its "satellites" in Eastern Europe as Stalin consolidated his gains (Joseph Stalin).† This began the cold war, which continued throughout Stalin's rule. He died in Moscow in 1953 and was entombed in Red Square alongside Lenin. â€Å"However, his character was later attacked by Nikita Khrushchev and his body removed from the Lenin mausoleum (Stalin Biography)†.

Quebec Nationalism Essay -- essays research papers fc

The question of whether Quebec will secede from Canada to become an independent nation has been a hot topic in the country for several years now. It dates back to the abortive rebellions of 1837-38. In 1980, a referendum to secede was rejected by a 60-40 margin. Since then though, the numbers of Quebeckers that want to become sovereign has significantly increased. There is so many questions of what will happen if this does happen. In this paper I plan to take a deeper look at this situation and try to figure out what it would actually be like if Quebec was its own country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The premier of Quebec, Lucien Bouchard has been attempting to separate from Canada for quite sometime. If he had it his way this topic would be old news by now. His main problem is the Federalist, English speaking citizens of his province. They have been very vocal on their stance to stay apart of Canada. They have sent around several resolutions stating this. It all started in Allumette Island East, which has a population of 458. It has since spread to municipalities along the borders with Ontario and the United States, and in the Montreal area. Unfortunately this means very little considering the fact that these municipalities only represent approximately 6% of the province’s population. When the Parti Quebecois government called for the first referendum on secession in 1980, only 40% were in favor of separatism. When the party took over control again in 1995 the approval rose just about 49%. The fear of the PQ is that if several of the floating voters ou t there feel that a sovereign Quebec must mean a partitioned, patchwork Quebec, the separatists might well fall back to 40% if that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One group of Quebeckers with the strongest-and geographically the widest claims for self determination, the Cree, Inuit, and Innu who occupy the resource-rich northern two-thirds of the province. The views of these nations oddly enough seem to go unmentioned. During the 1995 attempt to secede these three groups all voted by more than 95% to stick with Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People outside of Canada are baffled at how Canada ended up in such a state of affairs. Canada as a country has a lot going for it. A high GNP, and high per capita income in international terms. It is ranked at the top of the... ...izens are suffering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I understand where the French-speaking Canadians are coming from. With the majority of French Canadians residing in the province of Quebec they feel like they are different than the rest of the country. As it stands now, Quebec is one of the more prosperous provinces in Canada, and I wonder if secession were to take place what would happen? We all know that it would take time to become successful, but who knows if they would ever return to the way it is now. Is the price too big to play? With the opposing sides at almost equal size it is important to come to a final situation. Before possible violence breaks out within the province. Bibliography Doran, Charles F. â€Å"Will Canada Unravel?† in Foreign Affairs. Sept-Oct 1996 v75 n5 pg97 â€Å"Quebec Divisible† in The Economist(US) December 6,1997 v344 n8046 pg 36 Bowen, Bruce â€Å"Jeffrey Simpson: Will the Quebec Secessionists Succeed?† in New Zealand International Review, May-June 1997 v22 n3 pg 30   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

How does Miller build tension in Act 1 in A View from the Bridge?

How does Miller build tension in Act 1 in A View from the Bridge? The play A View from the Bridge was written by American playwright Arthur Miler in the early 1950’s. The play is set in Red Hook, Brooklyn. This is where the ports are near the Brooklyn Bridge that is the gateway to Manhattan. The play is centred on an Italian-American longshoreman– Eddie Carbone. Eddie lives with his wife Beatrice and his niece Catherine who he has developed improper feelings for, however his feelings are repressed.These matters are further complicated when Catherine falls in love with immigrants they are sheltering from the US government. Eddie repressed feelings suddenly begin to seep out in the form of rage and anger. Miller initially wanted the play to have one big arc culminating in a â€Å"final bang†. It was intended to have only one Act but was split up into the two. Because of this, the first Act does not contain any major climaxes in the plot but rather includes various tension-building elements that form the path to the eventual pinnacle at the end of the play.A View from the Bridge is a very tense play, with numerous layers of conflict consistently going on, and almost all of these are with Eddie. The tension aroused in Act 1 is crucial for the rest of the play. Miller during Act 1 creates tensions in a variety of manners. One of the ways Miller creates tension is through the sphere of sex and love. This is a key theme throughout the play. There are many examples of sexual tension in Act 1. On various examples it is obvious to the audience the sexual tension that exists between Eddie and Catherine even if they cannot see it.This is evident right from the opening of the play where Eddie is complementing Catherine on her new look. Eddie is supposedly the father figure in the life of Catherine and though nothing he says here is too improper, Miller from the outset has planted the seeds that Eddie thinks that Catherine, to some extent, is quite attra ctive. This idea that Eddie is sexually attracted to his niece is further illuminated by his overly protective nature of her. Even though she is practically an adult Eddie still treats her like a child.Beatrice conveys this when talking with Catherine when she says â€Å"I told you fifty times already you can’t act the way you act†¦if you act like a baby he be treatin’ you like a baby†. However, this is not the main reason why Eddie treats Catherine in an over protective manner. When Catherine is showing off her new skirt Eddie reacts by saying â€Å"I think it’s too short, ain’t it†¦I don’t want to be a pest, but I’m tellin’ you you’re walkin’ wavy. †His over  protectiveness in this instance demonstrates the idea that Eddie is not comfortable with the fact of other guys being attracted to his niece, as his feelings towards her are not resolved. Further tension is created in this household when Catherine alerts Eddie that she wants to go to work. Eddie thinks of all the possible excuses to sway her decision. Simultaneous to this Beatrice is questioning why Eddie is so overly concerned by this. Eddie tells Catherine and Beatrice one of his lacklustre excuses for Catherine not taking the job â€Å"I know that neighbourhood, B., I don’t like it. †, Beatrice responds with â€Å"â€Å"Tell her to take it. You hear me†.This is a clear example of Eddie’s possessiveness for Catherine and how Beatrice seemingly doesn’t see it as his feelings are suppressed. Sexual tensions are further highlighted by the problems that are going on between Eddie and Beatrice. This is evident when Beatrice demands of Eddie â€Å"When am I going to be your wife again? † This implies that Eddie has rejected his love for his wife because of these strange and confusing feelings he has bottled-up.He fears that if he engages in any romantic way with Beatrice his tr ue feelings will spill out. One of the crucial aspect of the build-up of tension is the fact that the audience always knows more than Actual characters themselves. They understand that Eddie has feelings for Catherine, they can see that it is burning him up inside and they can also notice the obliviousness of Beatrice to this improper love. Miller in Act 1 has verbally conveyed much of the sexual tension, however there are various occasions where sexual tensions is expressed through physical and visible ActionOn various occasions in Act 1 Miller has created tension by physical Actions and events rather than by any verbal dialogue. Sometimes physical dialogue is more powerful than any verbal dialogue as it can sometimes to be more accessible to the audience, as the message that is trying to be conveyed is easier to comprehend. In Act 1 this can once again be seen by the creation of tension between Eddie and Catherine. This is clear in the scene where Eddie is talking about the immine nt arrival of Beatrice cousins Marco and Rodolpho. After talking of this Catherine goes gets Eddie a cigar.Catherine is eager to be at Eddie’s assistance and to even light it for him. The long spherical shape of a cigar can be likened to a phallus. This image of Catherine lighting the cigar is quite provocative thereby provoking quite blatant sexual imagery. Another key moment in the play in regards to tension building is the scene where Eddie teaches Rodolpho how to box. This scene ultimately culminates in the display of Marco’s superior strength. This scene evokes tension in different ways. Initially Eddie has taken the manly role in trying to get Rodolpho to box.By doing this, to some extent, he is patronising Rodolpho as he treats him as a physically inferior being. This idea of Eddie’s superior strength climaxes when he punches Rodolpho. However, quickly the tension is turned around as Rodolpho reacts by saying â€Å"No, no, he didn’t hurt me. To Ed die with a certain gleam and smile: I was only surprised†. This is a very subtle way of showing that maybe Eddie has physical superiority but Rodolpho can hurt him mentally which in reality is much more painful. This is achieved by Rodolpho asking Catherine to dance in front of Eddie.Tension is then further increased as Marco challenges Eddie’s physical superiority. Marco asks Eddie if he can lift the chair with one hand by grabbing one of the legs at its base. Eddie cannot manage to do it however in a symbol of pure strength and force Marco is able to do it. The stage directions describe the end of the scene â€Å"Marco is face to face with Eddie, a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaws, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie’s head – and he transforms what might appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph, and Eddie’s grin vanishes as he absorbs his look†.This is the end of Act 1 and it substantially esta blishes the tension that is to arise in Act 2. The tension in this circumstance is built by the changing mood of the scene in such a short time. Eddie initially felt masculine and superior; however any sort of superiority seems to be lost as Rodolpho can torture him with his relationship with Catherine. But more importantly the brute, strong, physically superior character of Eddie is no longer as Marco demonstrates his grander strength. Eddie no longer has any power and has essentially, in a way, been stripped of his masculinity.Eddie has no power in the Marco or Rodolpho now. In Act 2 it becomes clear that Eddie due to the tension between him and Marco and Rodolpho has resorted to the pettiest measures to get what he wants. The grin Eddie once had of knowing that he was strongest has disappeared as there is a new man of the household. Arthur Miller in Act 1 creates tension by using visual imagery and Actions. In this manner the events that go in front of our eyes carry a greater si gnificance while we also gain a better understanding of emotions as we are able to see the Actors faces.The tension that is existing between the characters is more visible as in some situations the tension is physically present. In Act 1 Miller employs various techniques to create tension. In the scheme of the whole play Act 1 is crucial as it sets up for the climax that is to come in Act 2. Miller creates tension in Act 1 verbally through various moments of sexual tension. Furthermore tension is created in Act 1 through physical interactions. Arthur Miller creates tension in Act 1 in A View from the Bridge through verbal and physical dialogue.

Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Essay

Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life considers how people act in daily life and in different circumstances. He employs the language of theatre to show how humans are ‘social actors’ who take on different roles in different situations and circumstances. Actors have the ability to choose roles and are aware of an audience. Chapter 2 focuses on ‘Teams’. Goffman suggests that people will form teams to support how they present themselves. Like actors on a stage, it is difficult to act alone and to fulfil a desired goal. So people incorporate performance teams. A team is â€Å"a set of individuals who co-operate in staging a single routine† (69). There are 2 kinds of relationships in teams: one is that of reciprocal dependency where each member must depend on the other to achieve their goal or stage their ‘show’ and the other is that of reciprocal familiarity where ‘members are in the know’ and they work together to ‘maintain’ the appearance. A team therefore is not necessarily an organisation or social structure but a group of performers coming together to sustain a definition of a situation which tries to claim what ‘reality’ is (e. g. political parties for an upcoming election). In order to achieve something, all members must observe a ‘principle of unanimity’. Interaction between groups is always about who ‘performs’ and controls the ‘scene’; the other team becomes the ‘audience’. Thus there is always an issue of power – dramatic and directive dominance. Dramatic power is power that is visible but has little reality because somebody else is directing that actor. This person who directs someone else with dramatic power has directive dominance (e. g. Queen of England has dramatic power but no directive power; the Prime Minister has directive dominance). Sometimes a performer can hold both kinds of power. Questions: 1. Provide some examples of ‘Teams’ that you observe in the everday. Ans: Political parties, business organisations, college fraternities, fan clubs 2. In those examples, what are they ‘staging’ (i. e. what is their task / goal)? Who holds dramatic power? Who has directive dominance? Ans: College fraternities: staging masculinities, teenage identities Business organisations: usually profit gain through transactions Ans: Apple’s Steve Jobs – has both dramatic power and directive dominance

Basel Iii, Solvency Ii

Basel III Basel III is an international regulatory for banks. It consist a set of standards and practices for the bank to make sure the banks maintain the sufficient capital when there is an economic strain. Basel III formed after global financial crisis that happens in year 2008. It was first published in 2009 and will be start implement on 1 January 2013. To make sure the banks have sufficient capital, Basel III has some new regulatory on bank leverage and also its liquidity. Solvency IISolvency II is a basic review of adequacy of capital for the European insurance industry. It aims to revise a set of EU-wide capital requirements and risk management standards that will replace the current solvency requirements. For instance, most European insurers are obliged to implement the full Solvency II requirements by January 2013. As such, it will be a major driver for the development and embedding of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) for the insurance industry. Difference between Basel III and Basel I & II Basel III varies from Basel I and Basel II.Basel I is create and used to strengthen the stability of global banking system while standardize capital requirement by using regulatory control. The weakness of Basel I is banks are expose to excessive risk because of the freedom in giving loan. Basel II develops from Basel I, it makes improvement on standardize the capital regulation and increase the risk management between the banks. Unlike Basel I, Basel II required banks to make analyze on the ability of corporate in pay back the loan before they decided to lending money out.Basel III replace for Basel II which the capital requirement is stricter, so that they can handle the capital fluctuate during financial crisis. Difference between Solvency I and Solvency II The difference between Solvency I and Solvency II is their fundamental based. Solvency II is principle based, whereas Solvency I is rule based. This means Solvency II knows less rules, instead of introduces pr inciples which have to be adopted by the insurers, they all involved actions and decisions. They can no longer hide behind rules, nor is it easy to find holes in the law.Therefore, in order to process these principles into company will be tough therefore time is ticking since it is questionable when all is implemented sufficiently. While for the Solvency II is to protect customers from taking unacceptable risks. This is done by demanding insurers to manage their risks better and be transparent on their financial position and risk. Hence it shows more holistic approach in comparison to Solvency I. Who should comply to Basel III The Basel accords are a range of mutual agreements that are voluntarily given by various global banking authorities.The countries which have signed these agreements would have set it as a common standard. However, some countries which are not the member state may also implement these policies. Besides, in United States of America, the government set the Basel II as a mandatory standard for banks. The banks which have a higher-risk profiles are instead imposed higher and stricter standard under the same accords. Next, Basel III required banks must keep a minimum common equity of 7% of their assets and this percentage covers a capital conservation buffer of 2. %. The countries which have approved Basel III must impose and put the standard. Who should comply Solvency II Solvency II is needed for all the insurance companies and financial institution. Solvency II’s regulation will be control by the respective financial supervisor. Besides, the best practice for insurers is to embed qualitative and quantitative risk management throughout their organization. A process-based risk approach is the best foundation for risk management of market, credit, liquidity, insurance and all operational risks.Solvency II regulates companies according to the risk inherent in the business. Every company must define that the risk profile is in line with t he appropriate governance and risk management processes to meet this risk. Why Basel III is needed? Basel III is needed because it strengthens bank capital requirements by introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. It help the Bank directors to know the market liquidity conditions for major asset holdings and strengthen accountability for any major losses. Why Solvency II is needed?Solvency II is needed because it can supervise the insurance company and strengthen the power of group supervisor, in order to ensure the wide risks of the group are not overlooked. By having Solvency II, a greater cooperation between supervisors can be made. Besides, Solvency II plays an active role in the development in insurance, risk management, and financial reporting. Objective for Basel III There are three objective of Basel III. Firstly, Basel III enhance the ability of banking sectors in handle stress that arise during financial crisis and economic strain.Secondly , Basel III used to improve risk management and also its governance. Lastly, Basel III reinforces the transparency and exposure of the banks. Objective for Solvency II These are some objectives for Solvency II. Firstly, it improved consumer protection by standardized level of policyholder protection in EU. Secondly, Solvency II transfers compliance in supervise into making evaluation on insurers’ risk profiles and the quality of their risk management and also their controlling systems. Lastly, Solvency II used to raise the international competitiveness of EU insurers.What are the challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II? The challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II is there is a mutual relationship between the new capital and the liquidity rules for bank and insurance companies that set by Basel III and Solvency II. Besides that, Solvency II had changed the way of allocate the capital for insurance companies. In example, fair value will be calculated by the risk that insurer take on their investing activities. Solvency II also offered a privileged treatment to bond with short tenure.It impress stricter capital requirement for bond that determined by the investment’s maturity, and credit rating due to the volatility of investment. Lastly, there is an inverse relationship between Basel III and Solvency II. Basel III requires all the financial institution to establish more stable, long term source of funding. In example, Basel III require bank to place their funding in a more stable and long term investment, means they will issue more long term bond. While for the Solvency II, the regulation gives shorter preferential treatment to the bank bond. ?